Is the image dim or fairly clear? Is its brightness comparable to that of the actual scene ?Ģ.
"Before addressing yourself to any of the Questions on the opposite page, think of some definite object - suppose it is your breakfast-table as you sat down to it this morning - and consider carefully the picture that rises before your mind's eye. The first questions that I put referred to the illumination, definition and colouring of the mental image, and they were framed as follows (I quote from my second and revised schedule of questions):. The particular branch of the inquiry to which this memoir refers, is Mental Imagery that is to say, I desire to define the different degrees of vividness with which different persons have the faculty of recalling familiar scenes under the form of mental pictures, and the peculiarities of the mental visions of different persons. The larger object of my inquiry is to elicit facts that shall define the natural varieties of mental disposition in the two sexes and in different races, and afford trustworthy data as to the relative frequency with which different faculties are inherited in different degrees. It is that which I described under the title of "Statistics by Intercomparison" in the Philosophical Magazine of Jany., 1875. I would expect a high correlation between these two conditions, but I haven't been able to find anything significant that deals with both of them.Classics in the History of Psychology - Galton (1880)Īn outline is given in the following memoir of some of the earlier results of an inquiry which I am still prosecuting, and a comparatively new statistical process will be used in it for the first time in dealings with psychological data. I have no capacity to create any kind of mental image of a beach, whether I close my eyes or open them, whether I’m reading the word in a book or concentrating on the idea for hours at a time-or whether I’m standing on the beach itself. I have no visual, audio, emotional or otherwise sensory experience. I know a beach when I see it, and I can do verbal gymnastics with the word itself.īut I cannot flash to beaches I’ve visited.
If you tell me to imagine a beach, I ruminate on the “concept” of a beach. They had no more notion of its true nature than a colour-blind man who has not discerned his defect has of the nature of colour.īlake Ross, co-creator of Mozilla/Firefox, provides an excellent personal account of the condition: To my astonishment, I found that the great majority of the men of science to whom I first applied, protested that mental imagery was unknown to them, and they looked on me as fanciful and fantastic in supposing that the words 'mental imagery' really expressed what I believed everybody supposed them to mean. Galton found it was a common phenomenon among his peers. The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880 in a statistical study about mental imagery. People with aphantasia recall almost all their experiences in literal words or generic concepts.Īphantasia is the inability to voluntarily create mental images in one's mind. Theory of multiple intelligences - Wikipedia They are typically good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words along with dates.
People with high verbal-linguistic intelligence display a facility with words and languages. People with high verbal thinking process almost all their thoughts in literal words.
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